Mohammad Hatta
Hatta continued to write in the “Daoelat Ra’jat” while participating in the training of political party Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia (National Education of Indonesia “), soon renamed Partai Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Party) or PNI. In 1934, after Sukarno arrested and exiled to the island of Flores, the Netherlands colonial government turned its attention to the NIP, which stops other leaders, including Hatta and Sjahrir to the internet in the concentration camp at Boven Digoel (in the present province of Papua New Guinea and West).
In 1935, Hatta and Sjahrir are transferred to the island of Banda in the Moluccas. In 1942, they are transferred back to near Sukabumi Bandung. On March 9, 1942, the Government of the Netherlands Indies went to Japan. Hatta and Sjahrir are taken to Jakarta.
During the Japanese occupation, Hatta lobbies of the occupier for independence from Indonesia. Beginning in August 1945, a “preparatory committee for Indonesian independence” is formed, whose president is Sukarno and Vice-President Hatta. The committee met the night of August 16 at the residence of Admiral Maeda, the Japanese governor, supported the Indonesian independence. On 17 August 1945 10:00 am in Jakarta, Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed the independence of Indonesia. The next day, Sukarno was named president and Hatta vice-president.
The Netherlands are trying to recover their former colony and returning in late 1945. The Indonesian government must take refuge in Yogyakarta.
Gaining support from abroad in 1947, Hatta left for India on an Indian aircraft, meet Nehru and Gandhi, disguised as a co-pilot by the name of Abdullah. Nehru brought him the support of his country before the United Nations.
Hatta heads the Indonesian delegation to the Round Table Conference in The Hague, held in 1949 and after that Dec. 27, Queen Juliana of the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty over the territory to the Dutch East Indies the Republic of Indonesia. It’s the end of armed conflict and diplomatic four years that the Indonesians call “old”.
In 1955, shortly before the first elections in the history of Indonesia, to elect a constituent assembly, Hatta announced that once the assembly is formed, he will resign. The resignation will be officially given to the President of the new Assembly on 1 December 1956. Hatta withdrew from political life to devote himself to the cooperative movement, which he considered one of the three pillars of the Indonesian economy, alongside the state sector and private sector. After the fall of Sukarno in 1966, Hatta will be some time advisor to President Soeharto.
Jakarta Charter
It shall break Hatta, the first of the Pancasila, the “five principles” that underpin the Indonesian state, the famous “seven words” (Tujuh Kata) that in the Charter of Jakarta, Indonesian Muslims had a duty to observe Shariah, thus removing any reference to Islam in the Indonesian constitution.
Source: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta
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